Haryana is one of the Indian states formed on 1st November 1966. The capital of Haryana is Chandigarh. Haryana is located in the Kuru region having Shivalik Hills in the northeast, semi-desert plain in the southwest, the Aravalli Range in the south and the major portion of the state is covered by the Yamuna-Ghaggar plain. The total area of the state is 44,212 square kilometers. It is one of the wealthiest states in India having a per capita income of Rs. 67,891 which is the third highest in India.
History of Haryana
The name Haryana was derived from the word, Hari meaning Hindu God Vishnu and Ayana meaning home. Harit means green and Aranya means forest in Sanskrit and people also believe that the name originated from these words. This region was ruled by various kings of ancient India including Harshavardhana and finally went into the hands of the Delhi Sultanate. It was under the rule of the Sikh chieftains from 1764. Many leaders of this region took part in the First War of Indian Independence in 1857.
Natural Resources of Haryana
The rivers, Yamuna, Ghaggar Sutlej, Tangri, Sahibi, Indori, Dohan and Kasavati flow through this region making it fertile. Haryana enjoys hot summer and cold winters, May and June being the hottest and December and January being the coldest. The Shivalik region gets more rainfall during the monsoon seasons that lasts from July to September. Some of the trees that grow in this region are mulberry, pine, shisham, kikar, eucalyptus and babul and some of the animals found in the forests of Haryana are nilgai, panther, fox, mongoose, jackal and black buck and 300 varieties of birds.
Districts of Haryana
Haryana is divided into four major divisions namely Ambala, Gurgaon, Hisar and Rohtak.
There are 21 districts in Tamil Nadu as of June 2012. Given below is the Haryana state map with all 21 districts marked.
List of Districts of Haryana
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Ambala Division |
Gurgaon Division |
Hisar Division |
Rohtak Division |
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People and Culture of Haryana
The total population of Haryana is 25,353,081 according to the 2011 census. 90% of the populations are Hindus, 6.2% are Sikhs, 4.05% are Muslims and 0.10% are Christians. Hindi is the official language of the state. But Punjabi, Sanksrit, Mewati, Bagaru and Ahirwati are some of the other languages and dialects in vogue here. Yoga and meditation are observed by people. They take milk and curd in large quantities in their daily diet. The major newspapers published here are Aaj Samaj, Dainik Tribune, Punjab Kesari, Dainik Jagran, Amar Ujala, Hindustan Times, The Times of India, Dainik Bhaskar, etc.
Education and Sports
According to 2001 census, the literacy rate of Haryana is 67.91% among which the male literacy rate is 78.49% and the female literacy rate is 55.73%. Haryana Board of School Education was established in 1969 and in 2002, the number primary schools were 11,013, number of middle schools were 1,918, number of high schools were 3,023 and number of senior secondary schools were 1,301 in the state.
Some of the important educational organizations in the state are
YMCA University of Science and Technology
NIT Kurukshetra
University Institute of Engineering and Technology
Kurukshetra University
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology
Manav Rachna College of Engineering
Technological Institute of Textile and Science
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University
The people of Haryana excel in sports also that it obtained 22 Gold medals in the 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games. The games that are popular here are kabbadi, cricket, judo, boxing, volleyball, wrestling, etc.
Economy of Haryana
The largest industrial center in Haryana is Yamuna Nagar where the largest sugar mill and the largest paper mill in Asia are located. It also houses a thermal power plant, a hydro-electric power plant and steel and brass industries. Fairdabad, Panipat and Ambala are other industrial centers. There are more than 1,347 large industries and 80,000 medium scale and large scale industries in the State. Haryana is the largest exporter of Basmati rice in India.
The state government encourages the IT sector and BPO sector by providing several incentives. Panchkula district houses IT park and Nano city. Various other cyber cities and technology parks have been created between 2006 and 2008 providing employment for more than 30,000 people. The software exports in the year 2007-08 is about 17,500 crore rupees. This is the first state in India to achieve 100% rural electrification which was achieved in 1970.
The important industries in Haryana are Maruti Udyog Limited, Gero MotoCorp Limited, Panipat Refinery, Mitsubishi Electric, ABB Electric, General Electric, ALSTOM, Nippon Electric Corporation, ERICSSON, Huawei, Tata Consultancy Services, United Healthcare, IBM, NIIT, Nokia Siemens Networks, etc.
Haryana Transport
The total length of the roads in Haryana is 23,684 kilometers which comprise 1,461 kilometers of 29 national highways and 2,494 kilometers of state highways. There are 3,864 buses running in the state and the Grand Trunk Road passing through Sonipat, Panipat, Ambala, Kurukshetra and Karnal is one of the longest roads of Asia.
There are 7 airports in Haryana namely Ambala Air Force Station, Bhilwara Airport, Bhiwani Airport, Hissar Airport, Kalka Airport, Karnal Airport and Sirsa Air Force Station. These airports serve the purpose of Indian Air Force and not for domestic or international purposes. There are about 96 railway stations in Haryana and the important ones among them are located in Kalka, Sirsa, Sonipat, Rewari, Rohtak, Panipat, Narnaul, Narwana, Palwal, Kurukshetra, Karnal, Jagadhri, Faridhabad, Biwani and Bawal.
Haryana Tourism
The places like Panipat, Sonipat, Bhiwani, Kurukshetra, Chandigarh, Jyotisar, Taliyar, Jajjar, Banwasa, Panchkula and Morni Hills have many tourist attractions in them. 44 tourist complexes have been set up by the Haryana Government in these places having 832 rooms housing 62 lakh tourists every year. Some of the important complexes are Surajkund and Damdama in Gurgaon, Kingfisher in Ambala, Magpie in Faridabad, Oasis in Uchana, Parakeet in Pipli, Dabchick in Hodal, Shama in Gurgaon, Blue Jay in Samalkha, Jungle Babbler in Dharuhera, Gauriyya in Bahadurgarh, Red Bishop in Panchkula and Pinjore Gardens in Pinjore.
